Download fulltext pdf phytoremediation of heavy metals. The term phytoremediation comes from the ancient greek word phyto meaning plant and the latin word remedium meaning restoring balance. Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up pollution in the environment. Phytoremediation is a general term used to clean up contaminants using plants, or remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water chandra shekar et al 2003. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Guide to developing and documenting cost estimates during the. Phytoremediation of chicagos brownfields northern research.
Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. Trees represent an interesting resource for the phytoremediation of heavymetalcontaminated land pulford and watson, 2003. Regulating perchlorate with authority under the safe drinking water act sdwa, in march 1998, the u. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Selecting and using phytoremediation for site cleanup pdf 45 pp, 3 mb, 2001, 542r01006. Fathead minnow, pimephales promelas, acute toxicity tests with effluents and receiving waters summary. Until today, however, there are only a few examples of successful applications. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals core.
Manual constructed wetlands treatment of municipal wastewaters. This document reports the results of phytoremediation. Unavailable forms of heavy metals are likely to be excluded by the plantuptake. One reason is that the processes involved are complex, and a full clean up may. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Cps adversely affects other organisms besides the pests it is designed to kill. United states environmental protection agency, usepa 2000 electrokinetic and phytoremediation in situ treatment of metalcontaminated soil. Environmental protection agency, 2000 and it is very. Phytoremediation of arseniccontaminated sites 3 average of 82to 40mg kg.
The use and effectiveness of phytoremediation to treat persistent organic pollutants notice this document was prepared by an undergraduate student during an internship with the u. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This is not a design manual or a guidance document. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant.
An overview of the phytoremediation of lead and mercury cluin. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. Environmental protection agency is charged by congress with protecting the nations land, air, and water resources. Environmental protection agency epa, sponsored by the environmental careers organization. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Bioremediation and biodegradation semantic scholar. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Successes, obstacles and needs article pdf available in journal of soils and sediments 22. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Phytoremediation techniques and phytoextraction efficiency. Phytoremediation is a biological technology process applying natural plants to augment the process of degradation, transformation, extraction, containment, accumulation or immobilisation of. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf.
Phytoremediation has also been called green remediation, botanoremediation, agroremediation, and vegetative remediation. The application of phytoremediation technology in a soil contaminated by pyrite cinders. Aspects of phytoremediation of organic pollutants springerlink. Phytoremediation processes five fundamental processes can be identi. The most important of phytoremediation advantages are. The greatest advantage of phytoremediation is its low cost compared to conventional cleanup technologies usepa, 2000. Pdf on mar 1, 2017, zakir hussain malik and others published. Phytoremediation may serve to mitigate any contamination of the environment with perchlorate, associated with the discharge of fireworks. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites.
Pdf the application of phytoremediation technology in a. Epa600r99107 february 2000 introduction to phytoremediation national risk. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Dec 24, 2007 phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. Demonstration sampling will continue until the year. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page.
Variety of organic and inorganic compounds are amenable to the phytoremediation process. In theory, phytoremediation methods are cheap, are accepted by the public and, compared to physical or chemical approaches, are ecologically advantageous. This type of phytoremediation decreases the bioavailability and mobility of metal contaminants and their percolation and. The use and effectiveness of phytoremediation to treat. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering.
Introduction to phytoremediation science inventory us. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Phytoremediation miscanthus as a productive biofuel crop for. This report summarizes much of that research in order to provide the site manager, owner, regulator, or researcher with an. Epa540s01 500, united states environmental protection agency epa, washington dc, 36 p. A hybrid phytoremediation system for contaminants in. This topic has been the subject of sporadic research for twenty five years, and a great deal of research over the last ten years. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Methods of phytoremediation exsitu method this method needs contaminated soil removal for treatment either onsite or offsite and returning the soil back to the restored site. Types of sites and contaminants treated by phytoremediation.
Petroleum contaminated soil does not appear to be toxic to plants or invertebrates. Cps itself is not toxic, but it creates a toxic form when it is transformed by the environment or in vivo by cytochrome p450 to chlorpyrifosoxon cpo figure 1, which is about 3000 times as potent as cps itself williamson et al. It is a technology that uses plants to treat environmental pollution problems. The impact of vegetation is related to the aging of the contaminants. Oct 17, 2017 application and techniques for phytoremediation introduction. These hazardous pollutants consist of a variety of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds that pose serious risks to humans, animals and the environment. Phytoremediation is a broad term that has been used since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media usepa, 2000. Larval pimephales promelas are exposed to varying concentrations of effluent or receiving water in a static nonrenewal, staticrenewal, or flowthrough system for a predetermined amount of time 24, 48. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation resource guide technologies for cleaning. Metal and plant species concentrationof metalaccuumulated mgkg a.
Phytoremediation has gained extensively attention and much progress in remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants, and the means for enhanced phytoremediation. Further plant screening is necessary to identify additional plant species or genes that have potential value for plantbased remediation techniques. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. Phytoextraction of heavy metals has garnered much attention in the past several decades since the initiation of its field trials, mainly conducted on important heavy metals, cadmium, and zinc usepa, 2000. Bioremediation as a removal response option at oil spill sites presentation pdf 49 pp, 3. United states environmental protection agency 2000 introduction to phytoremediation. Phytoremediation does not require expensive equipment or highlyspecialized personnel, and it is relatively easy to implement. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up or remediate contaminated soil, sludges. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Environmental protection agency s usepa s contaminated site cleanup information cluin database for sites involving the remediation of all environmental media and all plant types found 92 examples of ongoing fieldscale or fullscale phytoremediation projects in the united states and 12 other countries. July 1999 new reduced prices and discounts for ecopies.
Phytoremediation is a general term for using plants to remove, degrade, or contain soil pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leacheates for example, prairie grasses can stimulate breakdown of petroleum products. Pdf human evolution has led to immense scientific and technological progress. Office of solid waste and emergency response, technology innovative office os. Use of synthetic chelating agents for phytoextraction.
Introduction to phytoremediation science inventory us epa. Environmental protection agency epa seeks to protect human health and the environment from risks associated with hazardous waste sites, while encouraging development of innovative technologies such as phytoremediation to more efficiently clean up these sites. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for remediating brownfields, landfills, and other contaminated. Table of contents acronyms vi chapter 1 introduction 11 1. Phytoremediation phyto means plant is a generic term for the group of technologies that use plants for remediating soils, sludges, sediments and water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Oct 28, 2008 phytoremediation is the name of a set of technologies that use plants to degrade, extract, or contain contaminants from soil and water. Recent techniques article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 86. This method involves the destruction of contaminant either chemically or. Brassicaceae 1280 29,400 alyssium spp do 11,600 berkheya codil asteraceae 16,600. Phytoremediation is the name of a set of technologies that use plants to degrade, extract, or contain contaminants from soil and water. Us environmental protection agency, office of solid waste and emergency response technology innovation office, washington dc. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information to.